Before Colorado builds a bigger child care system, the people who run child care want a seat at the table.
In the first two weeks of September, 108 owners and directors of licensed child care programs across Colorado, representing 200 licensed sites, answered the same set of questions about public funding, enrollment, compliance, and what they need before any new statewide funding measure earns their support. Centers, preschools, family child care homes, school-age programs, members of the Early Childhood Education Association of Colorado (ECEA) and non-members alike. Here is what the industry said, in its numbers and its words.
Who answered
The mix looks like Colorado's licensed sector: about half centers, with strong showing from stand-alone preschools and family child care homes. 81% already participate in Universal Preschool Colorado (UPK), the Colorado Child Care Assistance Program (CCCAP), or both, so these are the people who know first-hand what public funding asks of a program.
Type of program
Current public funding participation
School district operated?
How public funding is landing
Revenue is only half the story. Providers weighed the dollars UPK and CCCAP bring in against the enrollment rules, attendance tracking, reporting, monitoring and payment procedures that come with them. The honest picture: for most programs, public funding has not been a net gain.
Over the past two years, my program's financial health has
Considering both revenue and costs, public funding has meant
Four-year-old enrollment since UPK launched in fall 2023
This question splits sharply depending on who runs the program. The breakouts below are weighted by programs represented (a director answering for six sites counts as six), with the raw response count underneath.
Four-year-old enrollment, by school district operation
| Answer | Independent (not district operated) 186 programs, 102 responses | School district operated 14 programs, 6 responses |
|---|---|---|
| Decreased since UPK | 101 of 186 (54%) 57 responses | 0 |
| I have UPK kids but they are not staying for the rest of the day | 21 of 186 (11%) 13 responses | 0 |
| Stable, about the same as before UPK launched | 26 of 186 (14%) 12 responses | 4 of 14 (29%) 4 responses |
| Increased since UPK | 23 of 186 (12%) 11 responses | 9 of 14 (64%) 1 response |
| Opened after UPK began, so cannot compare | 3 of 186 (2%) 3 responses | 1 of 14 (7%) 1 response |
| Not applicable; we do not serve 4-year-olds | 12 of 186 (6%) 6 responses | 0 |
Four-year-old enrollment, by program type
| Answer | Centers 131 programs, 56 responses | Preschools 22 programs, 19 responses | Home-based 23 programs, 23 responses | District-run 14 programs, 6 responses | School-age 10 programs, 4 responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Decreased since UPK | 76 of 131 (58%) 34 responses | 11 of 22 (50%) 9 responses | 14 of 23 (61%) 14 responses | 0 | 0 |
| I have UPK kids but they are not staying for the rest of the day | 17 of 131 (13%) 9 responses | 4 of 22 (18%) 4 responses | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Stable, about the same as before UPK launched | 18 of 131 (14%) 4 responses | 4 of 22 (18%) 4 responses | 4 of 23 (17%) 4 responses | 4 of 14 (29%) 4 responses | 0 |
| Increased since UPK | 19 of 131 (15%) 8 responses | 2 of 22 (9%) 1 response | 1 of 23 (4%) 1 response | 9 of 14 (64%) 1 response | 1 of 10 (10%) 1 response |
| Opened after UPK began, so cannot compare | 1 of 131 (1%) 1 response | 1 of 22 (5%) 1 response | 1 of 23 (4%) 1 response | 1 of 14 (7%) 1 response | 0 |
| Not applicable; we do not serve 4-year-olds | 0 | 0 | 3 of 23 (13%) 3 responses | 0 | 9 of 10 (90%) 3 responses |
Weekly staff time on public-funding paperwork, beyond licensing
What happens if "free public school" expands to younger children
UPK primarily touched the preschool market. Providers were asked to walk it forward: what if no-tuition, district-based care expanded to toddlers and children under four?
Effect on the long-term viability of my program
Not one district operated program saw a threat to its survival. Most independent centers and homes did. Weighted by programs represented, with response counts underneath.
Effect of expansion, by school district operation
| Answer | Independent (not district operated) 186 programs, 102 responses | School district operated 14 programs, 6 responses |
|---|---|---|
| It could threaten our ability to remain in business | 114 of 186 (61%) 59 responses | 0 |
| It would create significant financial pressure | 35 of 186 (19%) 17 responses | 2 of 14 (14%) 2 responses |
| We would likely have to reduce classrooms, staffing or services | 5 of 186 (3%) 5 responses | 0 |
| We could adapt and remain competitive | 17 of 186 (9%) 12 responses | 9 of 14 (64%) 1 response |
| Little or no effect | 15 of 186 (8%) 9 responses | 3 of 14 (21%) 3 responses |
Effect of expansion, by program type
| Answer | Centers 131 programs, 56 responses | Preschools 22 programs, 19 responses | Home-based 23 programs, 23 responses | District-run 14 programs, 6 responses | School-age 10 programs, 4 responses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| It could threaten our ability to remain in business | 88 of 131 (67%) 36 responses | 11 of 22 (50%) 8 responses | 15 of 23 (65%) 15 responses | 0 | 0 |
| It would create significant financial pressure | 28 of 131 (21%) 10 responses | 4 of 22 (18%) 4 responses | 3 of 23 (13%) 3 responses | 2 of 14 (14%) 2 responses | 0 |
| We would likely have to reduce classrooms, staffing or services | 4 of 131 (3%) 4 responses | 1 of 22 (5%) 1 response | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| We could adapt and remain competitive | 11 of 131 (8%) 6 responses | 3 of 22 (14%) 3 responses | 3 of 23 (13%) 3 responses | 9 of 14 (64%) 1 response | 0 |
| Little or no effect | 0 | 3 of 22 (14%) 3 responses | 2 of 23 (9%) 2 responses | 3 of 14 (21%) 3 responses | 10 of 10 (100%) 4 responses |
Should policymakers address the property-tax gap between private programs and tax-supported facilities?
What providers need before they can support a new funding measure
Initiative 195 and Proposition NN would create major new statewide revenue streams, each naming early child care and education as a possible use. Private providers were not invited to help design how that money would reach programs. Here is what they say has to come first.
How important is meaningful private-provider representation in designing the system?
Protections that should be established first (respondents picked up to three, so shares add to more than 100)
Which approach would do the most to strengthen your program? (a few respondents picked more than one)
After considering these issues, what would you need before supporting a new statewide measure?
Reaction to Initiative 195's graduated income tax, as described by proponents and opponents
In their own words
We asked for the one question providers most want policymakers and supporters of a new funding measure to answer. These are direct quotes from the anonymous survey, lightly trimmed for length.
"How will this measure deliver direct financial support to private providers without adding extra administrative complexity or regulatory burden?"
"Will the new funding formula cover the actual, true cost of delivering quality care, or will it tie our hands with price caps and mandates that force us out of business?"
"By expanding free public school seats for older children, the government has stripped private centers of the older age groups that financially subsidized our expensive infant and toddler care. If private, independent centers like mine close down, public schools cannot absorb the infants and toddlers left behind."
"How do you propose private providers keep their doors open or make a living wage with the loss of income they would endure from free care for infants and toddlers?"
"Can you guarantee that this money will not just go to public school districts?"
"How are you ensuring that this measure increases access for families, decreases tuition for families, improves wages for teachers, and ensures stability for existing providers?"
"Are we a family choice state? We have historically been a family choice state, but so many new measures have weakened this. If we are no longer a family choice state, the policymakers need to state that."
"How do they plan on supporting the additional needs and delays of today's children? The percentage of children with special needs is growing every year and we need financial help to meet their needs safely and fairly."
"How will money be equitably distributed to home daycares?"
"Not just for private providers, but what regulations and requirements that are not necessary to ensure the safety and wellbeing of children and staff can be relaxed to reduce the cost of operating a licensed child care?"
"We can't just take your word for it that it will work out. UPK and CCCAP have cost us a lot of time and haven't brought any extra revenue to our program in exchange for the time."
"I have been a provider for going on 35 years. Being forced out of business would be devastating."
From the mailbag
Some providers followed their survey with a letter. Two excerpts.
"Small family childcare programs cannot absorb delayed reimbursements while continuing to cover our mortgages, food, insurance, staffing, supplies, and every other operating expense. We should not be expected to finance a state program while waiting to be repaid. Any measure moving forward needs enforceable protections, not simply reassuring language, for prompt and predictable payment, minimal administrative burden, respect for private business policies, philosophical autonomy, equitable participation by family childcare homes, and families' ability to choose the setting that truly fits their child."
"Whatever your political leaning, it is imperative that you read the language of these initiatives to understand how they intend to help and how they will harm small businesses. Where is all of this money going to go? And how? Who will administer these programs and at what cost? What strings will be attached if we accept more public funding? Privately owned programs provide infrastructure, character, competition, choice in education, and so much more for our families."
Together we are stronger.
These results are going in front of legislators, agency leaders, and the campaigns on both sides of Initiative 195 and Proposition NN. ECEA has advocated for Colorado's licensed private early childhood programs since 1985; if you want this kind of advocacy working for your business, join us.
Source: ECEA Walk It Forward provider surveys, responses collected September 1 through 14, 2026 (108 complete responses, combined across ECEA members and non-members; percentages in the bar charts are of all 108 respondents; the breakout tables are weighted by programs represented, 200 in total; figures may not sum to 100 due to rounding). Universal Preschool Colorado (UPK) and the Colorado Child Care Assistance Program (CCCAP) are the state's two main public funding streams for licensed child care. ECEA does not take a position on a ballot measure unless its Board of Directors adopts one; this page reports what providers said.
